Pharmacology - Psychopharmacology: Antidepressants and Antipsychotics
Next
0 of 16 questions completed
Questions:
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
- 13
- 14
- 15
- 16
Information
1. Antipsychotics questions are usually about phenothiazines and usually about chlorpromazine. (Since we are now well into the era of 2nd generation antipsychotics, I would imagine that they ask more questions about those than they do about 1st generation drugs. And really, the only 1st generation drug still used to any extent is haloperidol (Haldol), a specific D2 receptor blocker, so focus on those questions) They ask for:
•Mechanism of antipsychotic action: blockade of dopaminergic sites in the brain
•Major side effects: i) anticholinergic effects, ii) extrapyramidal stimulation resulting in tardive dyskinesia
•2nd generation drugs like clozapine:
a. Block dopamine receptors but also serotonin (5- HT) receptor
b. Treat negative as well as positive symptoms
c. Fewer extrapyramidal side effects like tardive dyskinesia
2. Antidepressant questions are usually about tricyclic antidepressants such as imipramine or amitriptyline-usually of the type …which of the following is used to treat depression? … TCAs are the most commonly used antidepressant medication, but remember that MAO inhibitors such as tranylcypromine or phenylene are also used. 2nd generation drugs are fluoxetine and trazodone. (2nd generation antidepressants (SSRIs) like fluoxetine (Prozac) are much more commonly used than TCAs or MAOIs, so figure more questions regarding these) The drug ID the questions may ask for:
•Mechanism of action: blockade of amine reuptake or alterations of receptor number (SSRIs block serotonin reuptake selectively)
• Side effect: anticholinergic or atropine side effects
3. The last type of question, again a drug ID asks that you remember that lithium is the drug of choice for the manic phase of manic depression.
You have already completed the quiz before. Hence you can not start it again.
Exam is loading ...
You must sign in or sign up to start the exam.
You have to finish following exam, to start this exam:
Results
0 of 16 questions answered correctly
Your time:
Time has elapsed
You answered 0 of 0 (0) questions correct
| Average score |
|
| Your score |
|
Categories
- Pharmacology 0%
-
Based on your performance on this Optometry Board Part 1 Practice Test, you’re not yet ready for the NBEO® Part 1.
Keep your head up! Also, don’t focus on your estimated score, they mean essentially nothing at the start. Rarely does anyone start these exams and score well immediately, if that was the case then they wouldn’t even need to practice! These are ‘practice’ tests, meaning you’re practicing to improve your skills. If you continue to work hard and study, read and understand the solutions, practice with “OptometryBoards.com” daily and give it your best effort, we promise your score will improve. Review and learn for now, and the scores will come.
-The “OptometryBoards.com” Team
-
Congratulations! Based on your performance on this Optometry Board Part 1 Practice Test, you’re predicted to pass your NBEO® Part 1! Keep hammering away at our Optometry Board questions so that you can keep up the great work!
-The “OptometryBoards.com” Team
-
Question 1 of 16
1. Question
Which of the following are pharmacologic properties of antipsychotic drugs?
a. They block the dopamine receptor
b. They affect the hypothalamic temperature regulation system
c. They cause emesis
d. They are synergistic with LSD
e. They cause hypertensionCorrect(i) You should immediately know that (a) has to be included as part of the answer, thus i or ii has to be right. If you also can dredge up from the recesses of your memory banks that antipsychotics are also effective antiemetics, and are often used clinically for this purpose, then you realize that (c) is wrong, thus limiting your answer to i.
Incorrect(i) You should immediately know that (a) has to be included as part of the answer, thus i or ii has to be right. If you also can dredge up from the recesses of your memory banks that antipsychotics are also effective antiemetics, and are often used clinically for this purpose, then you realize that (c) is wrong, thus limiting your answer to i.
Exhibit
-
Question 2 of 16
2. Question
The antipsychotic effects of the phenothiazines are probably the result of
Correct(c) updated version of this question might use haloperidol instead of phenothiazines
Incorrect(c) updated version of this question might use haloperidol instead of phenothiazines
Exhibit
-
Question 3 of 16
3. Question
The antipsychotic effects of phenothiazines result from
CorrectIncorrectExhibit
-
Question 4 of 16
4. Question
Chlorpromazine and related drugs are thought at act by blocking which of the following receptors?
Correct(c) Answer is (c)- Chlorpromazine is the prototypic phenothiazine, an antipsychotic drug used in the treatment of schizophrenia. Other antipsychotic drugs used for this purpose are haloperidol and thioridazine. These drugs act via dopaminergic receptors.
Incorrect(c) Answer is (c)- Chlorpromazine is the prototypic phenothiazine, an antipsychotic drug used in the treatment of schizophrenia. Other antipsychotic drugs used for this purpose are haloperidol and thioridazine. These drugs act via dopaminergic receptors.
Exhibit
-
Question 5 of 16
5. Question
Which of the following is an irreversible side-effect resulting from longterm administration of phenothiazines?
Correct(e) all are seen – key word here is irreversible
Incorrect(e) all are seen – key word here is irreversible
Exhibit
-
Question 6 of 16
6. Question
Tardive dyskinesia is a neurological side-effect of which of the following classes of drugs?
Correct(d) Tardive dyskinesia is an irreversible condition that consists of involuntary movement of skeletal muscles, a condition which may be seen following prolonged use of drugs. This is typically a dopaminergic mediated effect. The phenothiazine antipsychotics are the only drugs listed which act via dopamine. The others, such as tricyclics and MAO inhibitors affect adrenergic transmission, barbiturates act via GABA, as does alcohol.
Incorrect(d) Tardive dyskinesia is an irreversible condition that consists of involuntary movement of skeletal muscles, a condition which may be seen following prolonged use of drugs. This is typically a dopaminergic mediated effect. The phenothiazine antipsychotics are the only drugs listed which act via dopamine. The others, such as tricyclics and MAO inhibitors affect adrenergic transmission, barbiturates act via GABA, as does alcohol.
Exhibit
-
Question 7 of 16
7. Question
Which of the following drugs are most likely to cause extrapyramidal\ stimulation?
Correct(d) – Extrapyramidal side effects are the major side effects of antipsychotic medication and include Parkinson-like effects as well as tardive dyskinesia (from development of supersensitivity resulting from chronic blockade of dopamine receptors in basal ganglia)- abnormal rapid alternating movements of the tongue and perioral areas, facial grimacing, etc. Phenothiazines are the only antipsychotic drugs listed.
Incorrect(d) – Extrapyramidal side effects are the major side effects of antipsychotic medication and include Parkinson-like effects as well as tardive dyskinesia (from development of supersensitivity resulting from chronic blockade of dopamine receptors in basal ganglia)- abnormal rapid alternating movements of the tongue and perioral areas, facial grimacing, etc. Phenothiazines are the only antipsychotic drugs listed.
Exhibit
-
Question 8 of 16
8. Question
Phenothiazine derivatives do NOT produce
Correct(c) Answer is (c)- (c) should stand out immediately because this is almost always mentioned as a side effect of dilantin, which is not a phenothiazine, but an anti-convulsant. Phenothiazine derivatives are antipsychotic drugs such as haloperidol (Halcyon) or chlorpromazine used in the treatment of disorders such as schizophrenia. You should remember that the most troubling side effect of these drugs is the production of tardive dyskinesia and the parkinsonian-like extrapyramidal disorders. Thus # 5 is eliminated. As a rule these drugs have anticholinergic and anti-alpha-adrenergic side effects, which would eliminate xerostomia, and postural hypotension (due to an anti-adrenergic depressant effect on both vasomotor centers and the autonomic nervous system) as possible answers. Jaundice is a less frequent side effect than the extrapyramidal symptoms, and often results from an allergic reaction to these drugs. Thus the answer is (c).
Incorrect(c) Answer is (c)- (c) should stand out immediately because this is almost always mentioned as a side effect of dilantin, which is not a phenothiazine, but an anti-convulsant. Phenothiazine derivatives are antipsychotic drugs such as haloperidol (Halcyon) or chlorpromazine used in the treatment of disorders such as schizophrenia. You should remember that the most troubling side effect of these drugs is the production of tardive dyskinesia and the parkinsonian-like extrapyramidal disorders. Thus # 5 is eliminated. As a rule these drugs have anticholinergic and anti-alpha-adrenergic side effects, which would eliminate xerostomia, and postural hypotension (due to an anti-adrenergic depressant effect on both vasomotor centers and the autonomic nervous system) as possible answers. Jaundice is a less frequent side effect than the extrapyramidal symptoms, and often results from an allergic reaction to these drugs. Thus the answer is (c).
Exhibit
-
Question 9 of 16
9. Question
All of the following actions are associated with the use of chlorpromazine EXCEPT:
CorrectIncorrectExhibit
-
Question 10 of 16
10. Question
The drug most commonly used to treat severe mental depression is
Correct(b) Today you would probably see something like Prozac. Tranylcypromine is the only other antidepressant listed but is an MAO inhibitor. These are 2nd choice drugs due to side effects. Chlorpromazine is an antipsychotic used to treat schizophrenia.
Incorrect(b) Today you would probably see something like Prozac. Tranylcypromine is the only other antidepressant listed but is an MAO inhibitor. These are 2nd choice drugs due to side effects. Chlorpromazine is an antipsychotic used to treat schizophrenia.
Exhibit
-
Question 11 of 16
11. Question
Which of the following drugs is most effective as an antidepressant?
Correct(c) drug list, drug list
Incorrect(c) drug list, drug list
Exhibit
-
Question 12 of 16
12. Question
Which of the following is most likely to be the major mechanism of action of the tricyclic antidepressants?
Correct(e) a long winded way of saying reuptake blockers
Incorrect(e) a long winded way of saying reuptake blockers
Exhibit
-
Question 13 of 16
13. Question
Tricyclic antidepressants have a prominent side effect that most nearly resembles the usual pharmacological action of
Correct(b) TCAs are strong anticholinergics, and atropine is the only anticholinergic drug listed
Incorrect(b) TCAs are strong anticholinergics, and atropine is the only anticholinergic drug listed
Exhibit
-
Question 14 of 16
14. Question
Which of the following drugs has its primary use in the treatment of the manic phase of depressive psychosis?
CorrectIncorrectExhibit
-
Question 15 of 16
15. Question
Lithium carbonate is particularly effective in treating
CorrectIncorrectExhibit
-
Question 16 of 16
16. Question
The current drug of choice for treatment of the manic phase of manic-depressive psychosis is
Correct(a) three versions of a question asking the same factoid – what if they said “bipolar disorder?”
Incorrect(a) three versions of a question asking the same factoid – what if they said “bipolar disorder?”
Exhibit
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
- 13
- 14
- 15
- 16
- Answered
- Review