Pharmacology - General Principles of Drug Action
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General Principles of Drug Action
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Question 1 of 16
1. Question
A pharmacologic agonist is a chemical substance that
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Question 2 of 16
2. Question
When comparing drugs with respect to intensity of response, the drug that produces the greatest maximum effect is the one with the highest
Correct(c) obvious
Incorrect(c) obvious
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Question 3 of 16
3. Question
If drug has a greater efficacy than drug B, then drug A
Correct(d) obvious
Incorrect(d) obvious
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Question 4 of 16
4. Question
A drug with a high LD50 and a low ED50 has a
Correct(b) TI= LD50/ED50, never forget
Incorrect(b) TI= LD50/ED50, never forget
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Question 5 of 16
5. Question
The ratio of the median lethal dose (LD50) to the median effective dose (ED50) is the
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Question 6 of 16
6. Question
The therapeutic index of a drug is the ratio of
Correct(d) reworded version of above
Incorrect(d) reworded version of above
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Question 7 of 16
7. Question
The phenomenon in which two drugs produce opposite effects on a physiologic system but do not act at the same receptor site is
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Question 8 of 16
8. Question
Epinephrine antagonizes the effects of histamine by
Correct(c) epinephrine acts as a physiologic antagonist. It nonspecifically antagonizes histamine by exerting its own distinct effects, for example, vasoconstriction, bronchodilation, and decreased GI motility. It does not reverse the effect of histamine by blocking at a specific receptor ((d)), as do antihistamines. It does not prevent the release of histamine as does a drug such as cromolyn ((a), by preventing mast cell degranulation). Answer (b) is not relevant, while (a) is the mechanism of action for cromolyn, which inhibits mast cell degranulation..
Incorrect(c) epinephrine acts as a physiologic antagonist. It nonspecifically antagonizes histamine by exerting its own distinct effects, for example, vasoconstriction, bronchodilation, and decreased GI motility. It does not reverse the effect of histamine by blocking at a specific receptor ((d)), as do antihistamines. It does not prevent the release of histamine as does a drug such as cromolyn ((a), by preventing mast cell degranulation). Answer (b) is not relevant, while (a) is the mechanism of action for cromolyn, which inhibits mast cell degranulation..
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Question 9 of 16
9. Question
Interaction between nitroglycerin and epinephrine is what type of antagonism?
Correct(b) epinephrine would stimulate alpha adrenergic receptors to produce vasoconstriction, whereas nitroglycerin relaxes vascular smooth muscle. Thus the two drugs would have opposing actions. However, the actions are produced by the drugs acting on different mechanisms; nitroglycerin does not act at alpha receptors as does epinephrine. If it did, the interaction would be competitive. In this case, the interaction is via
competing physiological effects.Incorrect(b) epinephrine would stimulate alpha adrenergic receptors to produce vasoconstriction, whereas nitroglycerin relaxes vascular smooth muscle. Thus the two drugs would have opposing actions. However, the actions are produced by the drugs acting on different mechanisms; nitroglycerin does not act at alpha receptors as does epinephrine. If it did, the interaction would be competitive. In this case, the interaction is via
competing physiological effects.Exhibit
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Question 10 of 16
10. Question
When the combined action of two drugs is greater than the sum of their individual actions, this is
Correct(b) supposedly why Tylenol #3 was made
Incorrect(b) supposedly why Tylenol #3 was made
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Question 11 of 16
11. Question
Which of the following responses is least predictable in occurrence?
Correct(c) Idiosyncratic reactions are genetically determined abnormal responses to a drug. They are the most unpredictable in occurrence because the genetically-based difference responsible for such a reaction to a drug may not become evident until the drug is taken for the first time by the patient. Typically, the effect is one of abnormal sensitivity to a drug, such that a therapeutic effect is present at doses much lower than normally used, while the normal dose may result in a toxic reaction. An example is the response to succinylcholine in patients with atypical plasma cholinesterase. These patients don’t metabolize succinylcholine at the same rate, and thus show a prolonged drug action and increased sensitivity to the drug. The other alternatives are typically related to the dose of the drug and because the majority of the population do not possess an atypical genetic basis for the response to the drug, the effects are predictable given the dose and knowledge of what the drug does.
Incorrect(c) Idiosyncratic reactions are genetically determined abnormal responses to a drug. They are the most unpredictable in occurrence because the genetically-based difference responsible for such a reaction to a drug may not become evident until the drug is taken for the first time by the patient. Typically, the effect is one of abnormal sensitivity to a drug, such that a therapeutic effect is present at doses much lower than normally used, while the normal dose may result in a toxic reaction. An example is the response to succinylcholine in patients with atypical plasma cholinesterase. These patients don’t metabolize succinylcholine at the same rate, and thus show a prolonged drug action and increased sensitivity to the drug. The other alternatives are typically related to the dose of the drug and because the majority of the population do not possess an atypical genetic basis for the response to the drug, the effects are predictable given the dose and knowledge of what the drug does.
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Question 12 of 16
12. Question
Idiosyncrasies to drugs are related to
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Question 13 of 16
13. Question
Two drugs, A and B, have the same mechanism of action. Drug A in a dose of 5 mg. produces the same magnitude of response as drug B in a dose of 500 mg. Which of the following statements is correct?
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Question 14 of 16
14. Question
According to the theory that agonists and antagonists occupy the same receptor site, an effective antagonist should exhibit
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Question 15 of 16
15. Question
All of the following statements are true regarding the occupation theory of drug-receptor interaction EXCEPT:
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Question 16 of 16
16. Question
The occupational theory of drug-receptor interaction states that
a. The magnitude of the drug response is proportional to the number of receptors occupied
b. A partial agonist has intrinsic activity but no affinity for the receptor site
c. An antagonist drug has affinity but no intrinsic activity
d. The rate at which the drug-receptor complex associates and dissociates determines drug efficacy
e. The degree of drug action is dependent on the law of mass actionCorrectIncorrectExhibit
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