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Optometry Board Practice Test for the NBEO® Part 1 Test #1 – Ocular Physiology This test is comprised of 12 items. This is PRACTICE mode. There is no countdown timer and answers are shown after each question. |
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Which of the following allows for adherence of the mucus layer to the corneal epithelium?
D. Glycocalyx, which is secreted by the epithelial cells, allows adherence of the mucus layer. Goblet cells secrete mucins which make up the mucus layer.
D. Glycocalyx, which is secreted by the epithelial cells, allows adherence of the mucus layer. Goblet cells secrete mucins which make up the mucus layer.
Which immunoglobulin is found in the highest concentration in the tears?
A. IgA is found in highest concentration in most bodily secretions. IgD is an antigen found on Beta Lymphocytes. IgE is involved with mast cells and allergic reactions. IgG is the most common immunoglobulin found in the vascular system. IgM is located in the blood and immature B lymphocytes
A. IgA is found in highest concentration in most bodily secretions. IgD is an antigen found on Beta Lymphocytes. IgE is involved with mast cells and allergic reactions. IgG is the most common immunoglobulin found in the vascular system. IgM is located in the blood and immature B lymphocytes
Which of the following ganglia does NOT contain parasympathetic synapses?
B. The superior cervical ganglion contains SYMPATHETIC synapses only.
B. The superior cervical ganglion contains SYMPATHETIC synapses only.
Which gland within the sympathetic pathway does NOT synapse with a ganglion?
D. The adrenal gland does not have a ganglion synapse with the ganglionic fibers of the spinal column. Rather, it receives a signal to release epinephrine directly into the bloodstream.
D. The adrenal gland does not have a ganglion synapse with the ganglionic fibers of the spinal column. Rather, it receives a signal to release epinephrine directly into the bloodstream.
Which of the following statements describing the tear film is INCORRECT?
E. Tears are not a significant source of vitamin A or glucose. Tears provide oxygen and specific ions (K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Zn2+, etc.). Tears also play a role as an optical surface, to flush foreign materials and as a lubricant for blinking.
E. Tears are not a significant source of vitamin A or glucose. Tears provide oxygen and specific ions (K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Zn2+, etc.). Tears also play a role as an optical surface, to flush foreign materials and as a lubricant for blinking.
All of the following are found in the tear film, EXCEPT:
C. All but Vitamin B are found in the tear film. Lysozymes serve as bacteriolytic cells. Defensins and IgA serve to detect foreign material and cells. Lactoferrin protects the eye from free radical iron molecules.
C. All but Vitamin B are found in the tear film. Lysozymes serve as bacteriolytic cells. Defensins and IgA serve to detect foreign material and cells. Lactoferrin protects the eye from free radical iron molecules.
Which of the following statements regarding the glycocalyx is INCORRECT?
C. The glycocalyx is found on the APICAL portion of the microvilli of the cornea. The glycocalyx is responsible for keeping the mucin layer adhered to the corneal surface.
C. The glycocalyx is found on the APICAL portion of the microvilli of the cornea. The glycocalyx is responsible for keeping the mucin layer adhered to the corneal surface.
Which of the following is the correct process of corneal epithelium regeneration?
D. New basal cells originate from stem cells located at limbus. Basal cells migrate to the center of the cornea where they divide and become wing cells. These wing cells move to the surface and eventually slough off as surface cells.
D. New basal cells originate from stem cells located at limbus. Basal cells migrate to the center of the cornea where they divide and become wing cells. These wing cells move to the surface and eventually slough off as surface cells.
Which of the following statements about corneal nerves is INCORRECT?
B. The long ciliary nerves of the cornea are branches of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerves (CN V). The nerves enter into the cornea and traverse about ⅔ of the distance before moving anteriorly. These nerves loes myelin sheath about 1.5mm into the cornea.
B. The long ciliary nerves of the cornea are branches of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerves (CN V). The nerves enter into the cornea and traverse about ⅔ of the distance before moving anteriorly. These nerves loes myelin sheath about 1.5mm into the cornea.
By which method is a majority of aqueous humor produced?
C. Active secretion is responsible for 80-90% of aqueous humor production. A small portion of aqueous is produced through diffusion and ultrafiltration. Hydration and holocrine are both distractors.
C. Active secretion is responsible for 80-90% of aqueous humor production. A small portion of aqueous is produced through diffusion and ultrafiltration. Hydration and holocrine are both distractors.
How does the osmotic gradient lead to aqueous humor production?
B. This is an example of active secretion.
B. This is an example of active secretion.
Which of the following will increase production of aqueous humor? (PICK 3)
A,B,C. All of these options will influence pars plicata to produce more aqueous humor. Build up of H+ in pigmented epithelium leads to reversal of bicarbonate ion movement, thus halting aqueous production. A similar mechanism can be seen with increased intracellular Cl- ions.
A,B,C. All of these options will influence pars plicata to produce more aqueous humor. Build up of H+ in pigmented epithelium leads to reversal of bicarbonate ion movement, thus halting aqueous production. A similar mechanism can be seen with increased intracellular Cl- ions.