A patient comes to your office with a spectacle prescription of -8.50-1.00×180. His chief complaint is blurry vision at distance with his spectacles and notices an improvement with what you observe is a pantoscopic tilt of the spectacles. What change in his refractive error would you expect according to his chief complaint?

A Prescription for an aphakic patient reads:
OD: +16.00 DS
OS: +16.00 DS
Refracting distance of 14 mm.
This patient’s far point is located approximately

Myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism are considered what radial order using zernike polynomials?

If a person with high minus spectacle prescription switches to contact lens, the power on the contact lens would be which of the following when compared to the power of the spectacle lens?

A lens clock measures: Front surface @090 =+8.00D. Front surfaces @180 =+7.00 D. Ocular surface = -5.00D. What would the approximate power of the lens be if the lens were made from plastic n=1.60?

A 45 year old patient comes to your office with a chief complaint of blurry vision at distance at the end of the day. His current spectacle prescription has a back vertex power of -7.00 DS OD, OS with an add of +1.50 D. He explains he notices an improvement of symptoms if his spectacles are placed further from his eyes. According to his chief complaint and objective findings, the practitioner may expect what findings after finalizing the glasses prescription?

Which of the following aberrations is used as part of the refraction in visual exam?

An ocular lens +4.00 +1.00 x180 is ground in minus cylinder form with the flattest of the two back surfaces having a power of -3.00 D. What is the base curve?

You are performing duochrome test in the refraction. The lens placed in the phoropter at the beginning of the test is a -4.00 DS lens. If the patient reports seeing the letters on the green side darker and better than the red side; what does this mean?

A person with 20/80 VA is just able to read a letter 11 meters in front of him. What is the size of the letter?

A patient has a minimum angle of resolution at far and near of 3 feet, what is this patients VA at 40 cm?

A patient can read the line labeled 1.5M at 40 cm. What is the equivalent Snellen Acuity. (SELECT 4)

What is the nominal magnification of a 3 inch focal length lens?

When a lensometer reads plano, the target should be where:

If a keratometer is calibrated for a corneal index of 1.3376, with 76mm diameter mire, 3mm diameter of the image, what is the K reading if the mire is located 76.66 mm aways from the cornea?

While performing a slit lamp biomicroscopy, at what distance must the object be from the objective lens such that an objective lens has a focal power of 22.75 mm and the ocular lens has 200 mm focal lens separated by a distance of 500 mm. The OTL is 277.25 mm. Assume an emmetropic optometrist

A patient is a 3D uncorrected hyperopia and examiner is an 3D uncorrected myope. Assuming accommodation fully relaxed on the examiner and patient, what lens should be used in the peephole of the direct ophthalmoscope to view the fundus?

Performing retinoscopy on a 3D myope, a +1.50-3.00×090 cylinder lens is placed behind the phoropter. What will be your retinoscopy finding?

On a lensometer, what is the main device that detects parallel light?

An aphakic patient was refracted at 14 mm and found +16.50 D. If the spectacles are going to be worn with a vertex of 8mm; what back vertex power must the lenses have?

What type of astigmatism would a patient with soft contact lens prescription of : -2.00+2.00×100 have?

A reduced eye with index 1.333 is corrected with spectacle -5.25DS lens placed 12 mm in front of the eye. What is the power of this eye assuming standard axial length?

While doing retinoscopy neutralize the 045 meridian with +6.00D lens at 40 cm. You then neutralize the 135 meridian with a +4.25 D lens at 67 cm. What is the prescription you would prescribe to this patient?

Given the index the cornea to be 1.376 and index of the aqueous to be 1.336 of a schematic eye, what’s the complete equivalent power of the cornea when the distance between the front and back surfaces of the cornea is 0.5 mm (r​front=​ 7.7mm, r​back=​ 6.8mm)

While working on a lensometer with a standard +25D badal lens, you moved the dial 5mm closer to the badal. You see a clear neutral target in the lensometer, what is the back surface power of the lens? How many mm of movement correspond to 1D?

You perform near point of accommodation on a 2.00D myope wearing contact lens for full correction and determine it to be 8 cm in front of the cornea. What is his/her amplitude of accommodation?

Angle between pupillary axis and nodal axis is referred to as?

Which purkinje image is used when measuring the cornea on a keratometer?

An astigmatic reduced eye has a power of +60 D @ 090 and +58 D @ 180 with standard axial length. What is the ocular refraction?

The far point of a patient was determined to be a real object placed 50 cm from the eye’s principal point while wearing a +4.00DS contact lens. What amount and type of ametropia does the patient have?

You determined the near point of accommodation (push up method) to be 40 cm in front of point P when fully corrected. You repeated the NPA without correction and found it to be 67 cm in front of point P. Assuming full accommodation on both procedures; the amount and type of ametropia is?

According to Snell’s Law, if light enters a material from air at 25 deg, what will be the new angle of refraction, if the material has an index of 1.53?

What is the object height of a system where the inverted real +5 mm image is located 25 cm behind a +5D lens?

A 1.53 index prism with an apical angle of 15 deg used at 25 cm, produces an image displacement of how much in cm?

What is the latency for optokinetic nystagmus reflex?

What term best describes the reflex eye movement that is seen following the termination of a barany chair clockwise stimulation in the dark?

Which of the following laws states that each SCC influences a yoked pair of extraocular muscles?

The line within panum’s space that connects the set of spatial points in space that are perceived as single while binocularly fixating on an object point is called?

If the objective angle of deviation in esotropia is 35 degrees and the angle of anomaly is 45 degrees esotropia, what form of correspondence has a patient in the absence of diplopia?

A patient walks into your office and performs a bruckner test. Upon illumination you notice the right eye has a dark/dull reflex and the left eye has a bright beautiful reflex. Which eye is the fixating eye and which is deviating?

Which of the following does not affect accommodative response?

Which of the following is not a non-strabismic anomaly? (SELECT 2)

You perform Hirschberg test on a patient and the test reveals: OD is centered and OS -1.5mm. What is the magnitude?

What do we measure for risley prisms for blur to break?

The following are the results for the DEM test: vertical =+1.03 and horizontal is -2.00. Which of the following is the MOST probable diagnosis?

Which of the following are associated with a motor response? (SELECT 3)

You perform duochrome and ask your patient which side is more clear; and patient says that both sides are equal. What could be the problem?

Which of the following schematic eyes has a two surface lens?

A patient with astigmatism was refracted at 10 mm and found the following spectacle correction; +2.50+2.50×180. Where are the far points located for this patient?

When light travels from a smaller index material to a higher index material, what happens to the vergence of the light?

A patient with a 35PD exotropia deviation has surgical correction. Afterwards, they are neutralized at 1PD exotropia with the unilateral cover test. What will the result be on W4DOT?

What percent of anisometropic amblyopes improves with best rx only?

You perform a Brock string test on a patient and they report that the strings cross in front of the center dot. What type of deviation do they have?

When your patient is doing a left head tilt, the respective action of the left inferior rectus and the right superior rectus can be explained by the following principle