Gross Anatomy

NBEO® Part 1 Full Length Test #2 - Gross Anatomy

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Optometry Board Practice Test for the NBEO^® Part 1

Test #2 – Gross Anatomy

This test is comprised of 16 items, which must be completed within 16 minutes.

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Gross Anatomy: Blood Supply 0%
Gross Anatomy: Brain/Nervous System 0%
Gross Anatomy: Lymphatics 0%
Gross Anatomy: Muscles 0%
Gross Physiology: Kidney 0%
Gross Physiology: Pancreas 0%

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Question 1 of 16

1. Question
Oxygenated blood is carried into the heart through which of the following blood vessels of the lung?
- A. Pulmonary artery
- B. Bronchial artery
- C. Pulmonary vein
- D. Bronchial vein
Correct

C. Pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood to the heart. Pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood to the heart.

Incorrect

C. Pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood to the heart. Pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood to the heart.
Question 2 of 16

2. Question
Inadequate exhalation of carbon dioxide can cause what?
- A. Metabolic acidosis
- B. Respiratory collapse
- C. Metabolic alkalosis
- D. Blood pH to drop
Correct

A. Metabolic acidosis. This gas (carbon dioxide} must be eliminated from the body through exhalation. Inadequate exhalation of this gas will cause its accumulation. When carbon dioxide concentration in the blood increases, it causes the blood to be acidic, lowering its pH.

Incorrect

A. Metabolic acidosis. This gas (carbon dioxide} must be eliminated from the body through exhalation. Inadequate exhalation of this gas will cause its accumulation. When carbon dioxide concentration in the blood increases, it causes the blood to be acidic, lowering its pH.
Question 3 of 16

3. Question
Parathyroid hormone, calcitriol and calcitonin are
- A. The main regulators of magnesium in the blood
- B. The main regulators of chromium in the blood
- C. The main regulators of calcium in the blood
- D. The main regulators of NaCl in the blood
Correct

C. Main regulators of calcium in the blood. Calcitonin is a hormone that your thyroid gland makes and releases to help regulate calcium levels in your blood by decreasing it. Calcitriol is used to treat and prevent low levels of calcium and bone disease in patients whose kidneys or parathyroid glands. Parathyroid Hormone stimulates release of calcitonin from the parathyroid glands.

Incorrect

C. Main regulators of calcium in the blood. Calcitonin is a hormone that your thyroid gland makes and releases to help regulate calcium levels in your blood by decreasing it. Calcitriol is used to treat and prevent low levels of calcium and bone disease in patients whose kidneys or parathyroid glands. Parathyroid Hormone stimulates release of calcitonin from the parathyroid glands.
Question 4 of 16

4. Question
The intrinsic ability of muscle tissue to return to its original shape best defines
- A. Elasticity
- B. Extensibility
- C. Compliance
- D. Contractility
Correct

A. Elasticity. Extensibility: the ability to be extended or stretched. Compliance the property of a material undergoing elastic deformation or (of a gas) change in volume when subjected to an applied force. Contractility is the ability of muscle cells to forcefully shorten.

Incorrect

A. Elasticity. Extensibility: the ability to be extended or stretched. Compliance the property of a material undergoing elastic deformation or (of a gas) change in volume when subjected to an applied force. Contractility is the ability of muscle cells to forcefully shorten.
Question 5 of 16

5. Question
Muscle and nervous tissue share which of the following pair of characteristics?
- A. Conductivity and contractility
- B. Conductivity and excitability
- C. Contractility and elasticity
- D. Irritability and Extensibility
Correct

B. Conductivity and excitability. Like neurons, muscle is an excitable tissue, in that it can conduct or transmit electrical impulses (respond to stimuli)

Incorrect

B. Conductivity and excitability. Like neurons, muscle is an excitable tissue, in that it can conduct or transmit electrical impulses (respond to stimuli)
Question 6 of 16

6. Question
By weight blood is mostly composed of
- A. Red blood cells
- B. Plasma
- C. White blood cells and platelets
- D. Water
Correct

B. Plasma. The blood that runs through the veins, arteries, and capillaries is known as whole blood, a mixture of about 55 percent plasma and 45 percent blood cells

Incorrect

B. Plasma. The blood that runs through the veins, arteries, and capillaries is known as whole blood, a mixture of about 55 percent plasma and 45 percent blood cells
Question 7 of 16

7. Question
Select the letter with the correct sequence of structures that allows the normal sequence of excitation to progress through the heart.
- A. SA node, Purkinje fibers, AV node, Bundle of His
- B. Bundle of His, Purkinje fibers, AV node
- C. Purkinje fibers, AV node, SA node, Bundle of His
- D. SA node, AV node, Bundle of His, Purkinje fibers
Correct

D. SA is the start node-> AV node-> bundle of his -> purkinje fibers

Incorrect

D. SA is the start node-> AV node-> bundle of his -> purkinje fibers
Question 8 of 16

8. Question
Old red blood cells usually are removed from the peripheral circulation after approximately __ days after maturation.
- A. 60 days
- B. 100 days
- C. 120 days
- D. 150 days
Correct

C. 120 days.

Incorrect

C. 120 days.
Question 9 of 16

9. Question
The brain, dural venous sinuses, cavernous sinus all drain into which of the following?
- A. Internal Jugular vein
- B. Internal Jugular artery
- C. External Jugular artery
- D. Vortex vein
Correct

A. Internal jugular vein

Incorrect

A. Internal jugular vein
Question 10 of 16

10. Question
Which of the following muscles are the main innovators of the upper lip? (SELECT 2)
- A. Zygomaticus minor
- B. Levator labii superioris
- C. Orbicularis oris
- D. Mentalis
Correct

A.B. Orbicularis oris presses the lips, mentalis depresses the lower lip as well as wrinkles the chin

Incorrect

A.B. Orbicularis oris presses the lips, mentalis depresses the lower lip as well as wrinkles the chin
Question 11 of 16

11. Question
Which muscles separate the anterior and posterior triangles?
- A. Sternocleidomastoid muscle
- B. Trapezius muscles
- C. Deltoid muscle
- D. Procerus muscle
Correct

A. Sternocleidomastoid muscle

Incorrect

A. Sternocleidomastoid muscle
Question 12 of 16

12. Question
The facial artery is a branch of?
- A. Internal carotid artery
- B. External carotid artery
- C. Jugular artery
- D. Ophthalmic artery
Correct

B. External carotid artery

Incorrect

B. External carotid artery
Question 13 of 16

13. Question
A roommate of a college student is being treated in the hospital for acute meningococcal meningitis. It is wise to administer him prophylactic treatment with which of the following drugs?
- A. Ceftriaxone
- B. Isoniazide
- C. Rifampin
- D. Cefotaxime
Correct

C. Rifampin is a common medicine used to treat LTBI. It kills the sleeping TB germs before they make you sick.

Incorrect

C. Rifampin is a common medicine used to treat LTBI. It kills the sleeping TB germs before they make you sick.
Question 14 of 16

14. Question
When performing blood pressure measurements you noticed that the arm cuff is too loose on the patient while pumping it up. What happens to the readings when the cuff is too loose?
- A. Artificially low
- B. Artificially high
- C. Patient will complain about a rash
- D. Patient risk of embolism increased 3 times
Correct

A. Artificially low. If the BP cuff is too tight you are already causing constriction of the blood flow before applying enough pressure for the cuff to read which would cause an artificially high reading. If the cuff is too loose the opposite happens

Incorrect

A. Artificially low. If the BP cuff is too tight you are already causing constriction of the blood flow before applying enough pressure for the cuff to read which would cause an artificially high reading. If the cuff is too loose the opposite happens
Question 15 of 16

15. Question
The medial portion of the eyelid lymphatics drain into which of the following structures?
- A. conjunctiva
- B. preauricular lymph node
- C. lacrimal gland
- D. Submandibular lymph node
Correct

D. Submandibular lymph node. lateral 2/3 of the upper lid and the lateral 1/3 of the lower lid lymphatics drain into the preauricular lymph node. The medial 1/3 of the upper eyelid and the medial 2/3 of the lower lid lymphatics drain into the submandibular node.

Incorrect

D. Submandibular lymph node. lateral 2/3 of the upper lid and the lateral 1/3 of the lower lid lymphatics drain into the preauricular lymph node. The medial 1/3 of the upper eyelid and the medial 2/3 of the lower lid lymphatics drain into the submandibular node.
Question 16 of 16

16. Question
What portion of the LGN is responsible for interpretation and identification of direction, velocity, motion integration, and figure ground segregation?
- A.Middle temporal cortex
- B. Inferotemporal cortex
- C. Superior colliculus
- D. Frontal eye fields
Correct

A. Middle temporal cortex. The inferotemporal cortex, also known as the ventral pathway, allows for identification of the object and recondition, visual attention, and constancy. The frontal eye field is partially responsible for saccades as well as the superior colliculus.

Incorrect

A. Middle temporal cortex. The inferotemporal cortex, also known as the ventral pathway, allows for identification of the object and recondition, visual attention, and constancy. The frontal eye field is partially responsible for saccades as well as the superior colliculus.

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